Mast cells are immune cells that release chemical messengers, including histamine, in response to certain triggers. In the context of allergies, for example, histamine may contribute to symptoms like sneezing or congestion. Scientists continue to study conditions where mast cells may behave in an unusually active or dysregulated manner, including what has been described in the literature as Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS) (1).
Researchers have observed that immune overactivation may involve the release of numerous signaling molecules, including cytokines. When released in excess, these cytokines may contribute to an amplified inflammatory response—commonly referenced as a “cytokine storm” in the context of some medical conditions (4).
The exact causes of immune dysregulation remain complex and are the subject of ongoing investigation. Some studies suggest that genetic, environmental, and immune-related factors may play a role in how the immune system responds to certain stressors (2). In particular, the relationship between persistent infections, such as those caused by Borrelia burgdorferi (the bacteria associated with Lyme disease), and long-term immune activity continues to be a focus of scientific inquiry (3).
While some therapeutic approaches aim to influence immune behavior, there are various categories of treatments under investigation—ranging from broad-acting immune suppression to more targeted immunomodulation (5). These approaches vary in their intended effects and mechanisms, and individuals should consult healthcare professionals when evaluating any medical treatments.
